![]() What is the underlying cause of thermal expansion? As is discussed in Chapter 13.4 Kinetic Theory: Atomic and Molecular Explanation of Pressure and Temperature, an increase in temperature implies an increase in the kinetic energy of the individual atoms. In a thermometer, for example, the expansion of alcohol is much greater than the expansion of the glass containing it. The greater the temperature change, the more a bimetallic strip will bend. What are the basic properties of thermal expansion? First, thermal expansion is clearly related to temperature change. Railroad tracks and bridges, for example, have expansion joints to allow them to freely expand and contract with temperature changes. The same happens in all liquids and gases, driving natural heat transfer upwards in homes, oceans, and weather systems. Hot air rises because its volume increases, which causes the hot air’s density to be smaller than the density of surrounding air, causing a buoyant (upward) force on the hot air. The expansion of alcohol in a thermometer is one of many commonly encountered examples of thermal expansion, the change in size or volume of a given mass with temperature. Thermal expansion joints like these in the Auckland Harbour Bridge in New Zealand allow bridges to change length without buckling. Calculate thermal stress on an object given its original volume, temperature change, volume change, and bulk modulus.įigure 1.Calculate the volume expansion of an object given its initial volume, change in temperature, and coefficient of volume expansion.Calculate the linear expansion of an object given its initial length, change in temperature, and coefficient of linear expansion.
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